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Imagine a morning in 1995. A man waits by his doorstep for the daily newspaper. Reading it over breakfast and discussing the headlines with family over tea is a cherished ritual. The true jo...

Every assessment is, at its heart, a promise. The candidate promises to show what they know, and the assessment organization promises to measure it fairly. Between those two promises sits tr...

In recent days, the cinema world has been preoccupied with director Christopher Nolan’s epic The Odyssey. Setting itself apart from Homer’s ancient account through its rich psychological dep...

Imagine the following scenario on a computerized exam environment: the candidate has prepared for the assessment. On exam day, the candidate opens the laptop, closes other applications, turn...

This speech from Aragorn's battle scene in The Lord of the Rings sets the tone for the battle. Its rhetoric was meant to keep the army moving forward with confidence in the face of fear (Tol...

Since its adoption, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has become one of the world's most influential data protection frameworks, shaping how organizations process personal data....

Most readers will probably remember the Brothers Grimm fairy tale Snow White. The magic mirror in the story has one unique quality: it always tells the truth. As we shall see later, educatio...

Designing for a desired outcome is a well-established principle across many disciplines. In educational assessment, for example, the concept of Validity by Design emphasizes that the validit...

“You know nothing, Jon Snow…” Could be familiar for fans of the television series Game of Thrones, Similarly, Socrates once said: “The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.” Plat...